Received: MaAccepted: JPublished: July 27, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Yan et al. PLOS Glob Public Health 2(7):Įditor: Maurizio Trevisan, VinUniversity, VIET NAM (2022) Neighborhood cohesion and violence in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and their relationship to stress, depression, and hypertension: Findings from the Haiti cardiovascular disease cohort study. In summary, urban Haitians reported high perceived cohesion and moderate violence, with higher violence associated with higher stress and depression.Ĭitation: Yan LD, McNairy ML, Dévieux JG, Pierre JL, Dade E, Sufra R, et al. Cohesion was associated with lower stress (Tertile3 vs Tertile1: -0.4 score, 95%CI: -0.7 to -0.2) but not depression or hypertension. In regressions, higher violence was associated with higher prevalence ratios of moderate-to-severe depression (Tertile3 vs Tertile1: PR 1.12, 95%CI:1.09 to 1.16) and stress (+0.3 score, 95%CI:0.01 to 0.6) but not hypertension. Median systolic BP was 118 mmHg, median diastolic BP 72 mmHg, and 29.2% had hypertension. Stress was moderate (8/16) and 12.6% had at least moderate depression (PHQ-9 ≥11). Participants reported high cohesion (median 15/25, IQR:14–17) and moderate violence (9/20, IQR:7–11). Among 2,961 adults, 58.0% were female and median age was 40 years (IQR:28–55). Covariates that were adjusted for included age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, diet, income, and education, multivariable linear and Poisson regressions assessed the relationship between exposures and outcomes.

Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, or on antihypertensive medications.

We collected data from a population-based cohort of adults in Port-au-Prince, Haiti between March 2019 to August 2021, including stress (Perceived Stress Scale), depression (PHQ-9), and blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized lower cohesion and higher violence were associated with higher stress, depression, and hypertension. We describe perceived neighborhood cohesion and perceived violence using the Neighborhood Collective Efficacy and the City Stress Inventory scores. Neighborhood factors have been associated with health outcomes, but this relationship is underexplored in low-income countries like Haiti.

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